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INTRODUCTION : Today, Internet application development demand is very high. So IoT is a major technology by which we can produce various useful internet applications.
Basically, IoT is a network in which all physical objects are connected to the internet through network devices or routers and exchange data. IoT allows objects to be controlled remotely across existing network infrastructure. IoT is a very good and intelligent technique which reduces human effort as well as easy access to physical devices. This technique also has autonomous control feature by which any device can control without any human interaction.


 
The above figure shows the connectivity of various devices of different fields with Internet and exchange data between them. So above figure represent the connectivity of world through various existing technologies.
“Things” in the IoT sense, is the mixture of hardware, software, data, and services. “Things” can refer to a wide variety of devices such as DNA analysis devices for environmental monitoring, electric clamps in coastal waters, Arduino chips in home automation and many other. These devices gather useful data with the help of various existing technologies and share that data between other devices. Examples include Home Automation System which uses Wi-Fi or Bluetooth for exchange data between various devices of home.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
In early 1982 the concept of the network of smart devices was discussed, with a modified Coke machine. This coke machine is modified at “Carnegie Mellon University” and becoming the first Internet-connected appliance. This machine was able to report its inventory and whether newly loaded drinks were cold.
In 1994 Reza Raji explained the idea of IoT as “small packets of data to a large set of nodes, so as to integrate and automate everything from home appliances to entire factories”. After that many companies proposed various solutions like Microsoft’s at Work or Novell’s Nest. Bill Joy proposed Device to Device (D2D) communication as a part of his “Six Webs” frameworks at the World Economic Forum at Davos in 1999.
The thought of Internet of Things first became popular in 1999. British entrepreneur Kevin Ashton first used the term Internet of Things in 1999 while working at Auto-ID labs. Besides that near field communication, barcode scanners, QR code scanners and digital watermarking are the various devices which are working on IoT in the present scenario.

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